FORESTRY
PAPER-I
Section
A
1. Silviculture -
General :
General
Silvicultural Principles
: ecological and physiological factors influencing vegetation, natural and
artificial regeneration of forests;
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methods of propagation, grafting techniques;
site factors; nursery and planting techniques-nursery beds, polybags and
maintenance, water budgeting, grading and hardening of seedlings; special
approaches; establishment and tending.
2. Silviculture -
systems :
Clear felling, uniform
shelter wood selection, coppice and conversion systems. Management of
silviculture systems of temperate, subtropical, humid tropical, dry tropical and
coastal tropical forests with special reference to plantation silviculture,
choice of species, establishment and management of standards, enrichment
methods, technical constraints, intensive mechanized methods, aerial seeding
thinning.
3. Silviculture -
Mangrove and Cold desert :
Mangrove :
habitat and characteristics,
mangrove, plantation-establishment and rehabilitation of degraded mangrove
formations; silvicultural systems for mangrove; protection of habitats against
natural disasters. Cold
desert - Characteristics,
identification and management of species.
4. Silviculture of
trees :
Traditional and recent
advances in tropical silvicultural research and practices. Silviculture of some
of the economically important species in India such as Acacia catechu, Acacia
nilotica, Acacia auriculiformis, Albizzia lebbeck, Albizzia procera,
Anthocephalus Cadamba, Anogeissus latifolia, Azadirachta indica, Bamboo spp,
Butea monosperma, Cassia siamea, Casuarina equisetifolia, Cedrus deodara,
Chukrasia tabularis, Dalbergia sisoo, Dipterocarpus spp., Emblica officindils,
Eucalyptus spp, Gmelina Arborea, Hardwickia binata, Largerstroemia Lanceolata,
Pinus roxburghi, Populus spp, Pterocarpus marsupium, Prosopis juliflora,
Santalum album, Semecarpus anacardium,. Shorea robusta, Salmalia malabaricum,
Tectona grandis, Terminalis tomemtosa, Tamarindus indica.
Section B
1. Agroforestry, Social
Forestry, Joint Forest Management and Tribology :
Agroforestry
-
scope and necessity; role in the
life of people and domestic animals and in integrated land use, planning
especially related to (i) soil and water conservation; (ii) water recharge;
(iii) nutrient availability to crops; (iv) nature and eco-system preservation
including ecological blances through pest-predator relationships and (v)
providing opportunities for enhancing bio-diversity, medicinal and other flora
and fauna. Agro forestry systems under different agro-ecological zones;
selection of species and role of multipurpose trees and NTFPs, techniques, food,
fodder and fuel security. Research and Extension needs.
Social/Urban
Forestry :
objectives, scope and necessity; peoples participation.
JFM -
principles, objectives, methodology,
scope, benefits and role of NGOs.
Tribology
-
tribal scene in India; tribes, concept of races, principles of social grouping,
stages of tribal economy, education, cultural tradition, customs, ethos and
participation in forestry programmes.
2. Forest Soils,
Soil Conservation and Watershed management :
Forests Soils,
classification, factors affecting soil formation; physical, chemical and
biological properties.
Soil conservation
-
definition, causes for erosion;
types - wind and water erosion; conservation and management of eroded
soils/areas, wind breaks, shelter belts; sand dunes; reclamation of saline and
alkaline soils, water logged and other waste lands. Role of forests in
conserving soils. Maintenance and build up of soil organic matter, provision of
loppings for green leaf manuring; forest leaf litter and composting; Role of
microorganisms in ameliorating soils; N and C cycles, VAM.
Watershed
Management -
concepts of watershed; role of mini-forests and forest trees in overall resource
management, forest hydrology, watershed development in respect of torrent
control, river channel stabilization, avalanche and landslide controls,
rehabilitation of degraded areas; hilly and mountain areas; watershed management
and environmental functions of forests; water-harvesting and conservation;
ground water recharge and watershed management; role of integrating forest
trees, horticultural crops, field crops, grass and fodders.
3. Environmental
Conservation and Biodiversity :
Environment;
components and
importance, principles of conservation, impact of deforestation; forest fires
and various human activities like mining, construction and developmental
projects, population growth on environment.
Pollution
-
types, global warming, green house
effects, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, impact and control measures,
environmental monitoring; concept of sustainable development. Role of trees and
forests in environmental conservation; control and prevention of air, water and
noise pollution. Environmental policy and legislation in India. Environmental
Impact Assessment. Economics assessment of watershed development vis-a-vis
ecological and environmental protection.
4. Tree Improvement and
Seed Technology :
General concept of tree
improvement, methods and techniques, variation and its use, provenance, seed
source, exotics; quantitative aspects of forest tree improvement, seed
production and seed orchards, progeny tests, use of tree improvement in natural
forest and stand improvement, genetic testing programming, selection and
breeding for resistance to diseases, insects, and adverse environment; the
genetic base, forest genetic resources and gene conservation in situ and
ex-situ. Cost benefit ratio, economic evaluation.
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